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AdaptivePlaywrightCrawler

An adaptive web crawler capable of using both static HTTP request based crawling and browser based crawling.

It uses a more limited crawling context interface so that it is able to switch to HTTP-only crawling when it detects that it may bring a performance benefit. It uses specific implementation of AbstractHttpCrawler and PlaywrightCrawler.

Usage

from crawlee.crawlers import AdaptivePlaywrightCrawler, AdaptivePlaywrightCrawlingContext

crawler = AdaptivePlaywrightCrawler.with_beautifulsoup_static_parser(
    max_requests_per_crawl=10,  # Limit the max requests per crawl.
    playwright_crawler_specific_kwargs={'browser_type': 'chromium'},
)

@crawler.router.default_handler
async def request_handler_for_label(context: AdaptivePlaywrightCrawlingContext) -> None:
    # Do some processing using `parsed_content`
    context.log.info(context.parsed_content.title)

    # Locate element h2 within 5 seconds
    h2 = await context.query_selector_one('h2', timedelta(milliseconds=5000))
    # Do stuff with element found by the selector
    context.log.info(h2)

    # Find more links and enqueue them.
    await context.enqueue_links()
    # Save some data.
    await context.push_data({'Visited url': context.request.url})

await crawler.run(['https://crawlee.dev/'])

Hierarchy

Index

Methods

Properties

Methods

__init__

  • __init__(*, static_parser, rendering_type_predictor, result_checker, result_comparator, playwright_crawler_specific_kwargs, statistics, configuration, event_manager, storage_client, request_manager, session_pool, proxy_configuration, http_client, max_request_retries, max_requests_per_crawl, max_session_rotations, max_crawl_depth, use_session_pool, retry_on_blocked, concurrency_settings, request_handler_timeout, abort_on_error, configure_logging, statistics_log_format, keep_alive, additional_http_error_status_codes, ignore_http_error_status_codes, respect_robots_txt_file, status_message_logging_interval, status_message_callback): None

  • Initialize a new instance. Recommended way to create instance is to call factory methods.

    Recommended factory methods: with_beautifulsoup_static_parser, with_parsel_static_parser.

    Parameters

    • keyword-onlystatic_parser: AbstractHttpParser[TStaticParseResult, TStaticSelectResult]

      Implementation of AbstractHttpParser. Parser that will be used for static crawling.

    • optionalkeyword-onlyrendering_type_predictor: RenderingTypePredictor | None = None

      Object that implements RenderingTypePredictor and is capable of predicting which rendering method should be used. If None, then DefaultRenderingTypePredictor is used.

    • optionalkeyword-onlyresult_checker: Callable[[RequestHandlerRunResult], bool] | None = None

      Function that evaluates whether crawling result is valid or not.

    • optionalkeyword-onlyresult_comparator: Callable[[RequestHandlerRunResult, RequestHandlerRunResult], bool] | None = None

      Function that compares two crawling results and decides whether they are equivalent.

    • optionalkeyword-onlyplaywright_crawler_specific_kwargs: _PlaywrightCrawlerAdditionalOptions | None = None

      PlaywrightCrawler only kwargs that are passed to the sub crawler.

    • optionalkeyword-onlystatistics: Statistics[AdaptivePlaywrightCrawlerStatisticState] | None = None

      A custom Statistics[AdaptivePlaywrightCrawlerStatisticState] instance, allowing the use of non-default configuration.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalconfiguration: Configuration

      The Configuration instance. Some of its properties are used as defaults for the crawler.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalevent_manager: EventManager

      The event manager for managing events for the crawler and all its components.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstorage_client: StorageClient

      The storage client for managing storages for the crawler and all its components.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalrequest_manager: RequestManager

      Manager of requests that should be processed by the crawler.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalsession_pool: SessionPool

      A custom SessionPool instance, allowing the use of non-default configuration.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalproxy_configuration: ProxyConfiguration

      HTTP proxy configuration used when making requests.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalhttp_client: HttpClient

      HTTP client used by BasicCrawlingContext.send_request method.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_request_retries: int

      Specifies the maximum number of retries allowed for a request if its processing fails. This includes retries due to navigation errors or errors thrown from user-supplied functions (request_handler, pre_navigation_hooks etc.).

      This limit does not apply to retries triggered by session rotation (see max_session_rotations).

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_requests_per_crawl: int | None

      Maximum number of pages to open during a crawl. The crawl stops upon reaching this limit. Setting this value can help avoid infinite loops in misconfigured crawlers. None means no limit. Due to concurrency settings, the actual number of pages visited may slightly exceed this value.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_session_rotations: int

      Maximum number of session rotations per request. The crawler rotates the session if a proxy error occurs or if the website blocks the request.

      The session rotations are not counted towards the max_request_retries limit.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_crawl_depth: int | None

      Specifies the maximum crawl depth. If set, the crawler will stop processing links beyond this depth. The crawl depth starts at 0 for initial requests and increases with each subsequent level of links. Requests at the maximum depth will still be processed, but no new links will be enqueued from those requests. If not set, crawling continues without depth restrictions.

    • keyword-onlyoptionaluse_session_pool: bool

      Enable the use of a session pool for managing sessions during crawling.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalretry_on_blocked: bool

      If True, the crawler attempts to bypass bot protections automatically.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalconcurrency_settings: ConcurrencySettings

      Settings to fine-tune concurrency levels.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalrequest_handler_timeout: timedelta

      Maximum duration allowed for a single request handler to run.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalabort_on_error: bool

      If True, the crawler stops immediately when any request handler error occurs.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalconfigure_logging: bool

      If True, the crawler will set up logging infrastructure automatically.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstatistics_log_format: Literal[table, inline]

      If 'table', displays crawler statistics as formatted tables in logs. If 'inline', outputs statistics as plain text log messages.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalkeep_alive: bool

      Flag that can keep crawler running even when there are no requests in queue.

    • keyword-onlyoptionaladditional_http_error_status_codes: Iterable[int]

      Additional HTTP status codes to treat as errors, triggering automatic retries when encountered.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalignore_http_error_status_codes: Iterable[int]

      HTTP status codes that are typically considered errors but should be treated as successful responses.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalrespect_robots_txt_file: bool

      If set to True, the crawler will automatically try to fetch the robots.txt file for each domain, and skip those that are not allowed. This also prevents disallowed URLs to be added via EnqueueLinksFunction.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstatus_message_logging_interval: timedelta

      Interval for logging the crawler status messages.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstatus_message_callback: Callable[[StatisticsState, StatisticsState | None, str], Awaitable[str | None]]

      Allows overriding the default status message. The default status message is provided in the parameters. Returning None suppresses the status message.

    Returns None

add_requests

  • async add_requests(requests, *, forefront, batch_size, wait_time_between_batches, wait_for_all_requests_to_be_added, wait_for_all_requests_to_be_added_timeout): None

  • Add requests to the underlying request manager in batches.

    Parameters

    • requests: Sequence[str | Request]

      A list of requests to add to the queue.

    • optionalkeyword-onlyforefront: bool = False

      If True, add requests to the forefront of the queue.

    • optionalkeyword-onlybatch_size: int = 1000

      The number of requests to add in one batch.

    • optionalkeyword-onlywait_time_between_batches: timedelta = timedelta(0)

      Time to wait between adding batches.

    • optionalkeyword-onlywait_for_all_requests_to_be_added: bool = False

      If True, wait for all requests to be added before returning.

    • optionalkeyword-onlywait_for_all_requests_to_be_added_timeout: timedelta | None = None

      Timeout for waiting for all requests to be added.

    Returns None

error_handler

  • error_handler(handler): ErrorHandler[TCrawlingContext]

  • Register a function to handle errors occurring in request handlers.

    The error handler is invoked after a request handler error occurs and before a retry attempt.

    Parameters

    • handler: ErrorHandler[TCrawlingContext | BasicCrawlingContext]

    Returns ErrorHandler[TCrawlingContext]

export_data

  • async export_data(path, dataset_id, dataset_name, dataset_alias): None

  • Export all items from a Dataset to a JSON or CSV file.

    This method simplifies the process of exporting data collected during crawling. It automatically determines the export format based on the file extension (.json or .csv) and handles the conversion of Dataset items to the appropriate format.

    Parameters

    • path: str | Path

      The destination file path. Must end with '.json' or '.csv'.

    • optionaldataset_id: str | None = None

      The ID of the Dataset to export from.

    • optionaldataset_name: str | None = None

      The name of the Dataset to export from (global scope, named storage).

    • optionaldataset_alias: str | None = None

      The alias of the Dataset to export from (run scope, unnamed storage).

    Returns None

failed_request_handler

  • failed_request_handler(handler): FailedRequestHandler[TCrawlingContext]

  • Register a function to handle requests that exceed the maximum retry limit.

    The failed request handler is invoked when a request has failed all retry attempts.

    Parameters

    • handler: FailedRequestHandler[TCrawlingContext | BasicCrawlingContext]

    Returns FailedRequestHandler[TCrawlingContext]

get_data

  • Retrieve data from a Dataset.

    This helper method simplifies the process of retrieving data from a Dataset. It opens the specified one and then retrieves the data based on the provided parameters.

    Parameters

    • optionaldataset_id: str | None = None

      The ID of the Dataset.

    • optionaldataset_name: str | None = None

      The name of the Dataset (global scope, named storage).

    • optionaldataset_alias: str | None = None

      The alias of the Dataset (run scope, unnamed storage).

    • kwargs: Unpack[GetDataKwargs]

      Keyword arguments to be passed to the Dataset.get_data() method.

    Returns DatasetItemsListPage

get_dataset

  • async get_dataset(*, id, name, alias): Dataset

  • Return the Dataset with the given ID or name. If none is provided, return the default one.

    Parameters

    • optionalkeyword-onlyid: str | None = None
    • optionalkeyword-onlyname: str | None = None
    • optionalkeyword-onlyalias: str | None = None

    Returns Dataset

get_key_value_store

  • Return the KeyValueStore with the given ID or name. If none is provided, return the default KVS.

    Parameters

    • optionalkeyword-onlyid: str | None = None
    • optionalkeyword-onlyname: str | None = None
    • optionalkeyword-onlyalias: str | None = None

    Returns KeyValueStore

get_request_manager

on_skipped_request

pre_navigation_hook

  • pre_navigation_hook(hook, *, playwright_only): Callable[[Callable[[AdaptivePlaywrightPreNavCrawlingContext], Awaitable[None]]], None]

  • Pre navigation hooks for adaptive crawler are delegated to sub crawlers.

    Optionally parametrized decorator. Hooks are wrapped in context that handles possibly missing page object by raising AdaptiveContextError.

    Parameters

    • optionalhook: Callable[[AdaptivePlaywrightPreNavCrawlingContext], Awaitable[None]] | None = None
    • optionalkeyword-onlyplaywright_only: bool = False

    Returns Callable[[Callable[[AdaptivePlaywrightPreNavCrawlingContext], Awaitable[None]]], None]

run

  • Run the crawler until all requests are processed.

    Parameters

    • optionalrequests: Sequence[str | Request] | None = None

      The requests to be enqueued before the crawler starts.

    • optionalkeyword-onlypurge_request_queue: bool = True

      If this is True and the crawler is not being run for the first time, the default request queue will be purged.

    Returns FinalStatistics

stop

  • stop(reason): None

  • Set flag to stop crawler.

    This stops current crawler run regardless of whether all requests were finished.

    Parameters

    • optionalreason: str = 'Stop was called externally.'

      Reason for stopping that will be used in logs.

    Returns None

track_browser_request_handler_runs

  • track_browser_request_handler_runs(): None

  • Returns None

track_http_only_request_handler_runs

  • track_http_only_request_handler_runs(): None

  • Returns None

track_rendering_type_mispredictions

  • track_rendering_type_mispredictions(): None

  • Returns None

with_beautifulsoup_static_parser

  • with_beautifulsoup_static_parser(rendering_type_predictor, result_checker, result_comparator, parser_type, playwright_crawler_specific_kwargs, statistics, *, configuration, event_manager, storage_client, request_manager, session_pool, proxy_configuration, http_client, max_request_retries, max_requests_per_crawl, max_session_rotations, max_crawl_depth, use_session_pool, retry_on_blocked, concurrency_settings, request_handler_timeout, abort_on_error, configure_logging, statistics_log_format, keep_alive, additional_http_error_status_codes, ignore_http_error_status_codes, respect_robots_txt_file, status_message_logging_interval, status_message_callback): AdaptivePlaywrightCrawler[ParsedHttpCrawlingContext[BeautifulSoup], BeautifulSoup, Tag]

  • Create AdaptivePlaywrightCrawler that uses BeautifulSoup for parsing static content.

    Parameters

    • optionalrendering_type_predictor: RenderingTypePredictor | None = None
    • optionalresult_checker: Callable[[RequestHandlerRunResult], bool] | None = None
    • optionalresult_comparator: Callable[[RequestHandlerRunResult, RequestHandlerRunResult], bool] | None = None
    • optionalparser_type: BeautifulSoupParserType = 'lxml'
    • optionalplaywright_crawler_specific_kwargs: _PlaywrightCrawlerAdditionalOptions | None = None
    • optionalstatistics: Statistics[StatisticsState] | None = None
    • keyword-onlyoptionalconfiguration: Configuration

      The Configuration instance. Some of its properties are used as defaults for the crawler.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalevent_manager: EventManager

      The event manager for managing events for the crawler and all its components.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstorage_client: StorageClient

      The storage client for managing storages for the crawler and all its components.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalrequest_manager: RequestManager

      Manager of requests that should be processed by the crawler.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalsession_pool: SessionPool

      A custom SessionPool instance, allowing the use of non-default configuration.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalproxy_configuration: ProxyConfiguration

      HTTP proxy configuration used when making requests.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalhttp_client: HttpClient

      HTTP client used by BasicCrawlingContext.send_request method.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_request_retries: int

      Specifies the maximum number of retries allowed for a request if its processing fails. This includes retries due to navigation errors or errors thrown from user-supplied functions (request_handler, pre_navigation_hooks etc.).

      This limit does not apply to retries triggered by session rotation (see max_session_rotations).

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_requests_per_crawl: int | None

      Maximum number of pages to open during a crawl. The crawl stops upon reaching this limit. Setting this value can help avoid infinite loops in misconfigured crawlers. None means no limit. Due to concurrency settings, the actual number of pages visited may slightly exceed this value.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_session_rotations: int

      Maximum number of session rotations per request. The crawler rotates the session if a proxy error occurs or if the website blocks the request.

      The session rotations are not counted towards the max_request_retries limit.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_crawl_depth: int | None

      Specifies the maximum crawl depth. If set, the crawler will stop processing links beyond this depth. The crawl depth starts at 0 for initial requests and increases with each subsequent level of links. Requests at the maximum depth will still be processed, but no new links will be enqueued from those requests. If not set, crawling continues without depth restrictions.

    • keyword-onlyoptionaluse_session_pool: bool

      Enable the use of a session pool for managing sessions during crawling.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalretry_on_blocked: bool

      If True, the crawler attempts to bypass bot protections automatically.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalconcurrency_settings: ConcurrencySettings

      Settings to fine-tune concurrency levels.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalrequest_handler_timeout: timedelta

      Maximum duration allowed for a single request handler to run.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalabort_on_error: bool

      If True, the crawler stops immediately when any request handler error occurs.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalconfigure_logging: bool

      If True, the crawler will set up logging infrastructure automatically.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstatistics_log_format: Literal[table, inline]

      If 'table', displays crawler statistics as formatted tables in logs. If 'inline', outputs statistics as plain text log messages.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalkeep_alive: bool

      Flag that can keep crawler running even when there are no requests in queue.

    • keyword-onlyoptionaladditional_http_error_status_codes: Iterable[int]

      Additional HTTP status codes to treat as errors, triggering automatic retries when encountered.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalignore_http_error_status_codes: Iterable[int]

      HTTP status codes that are typically considered errors but should be treated as successful responses.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalrespect_robots_txt_file: bool

      If set to True, the crawler will automatically try to fetch the robots.txt file for each domain, and skip those that are not allowed. This also prevents disallowed URLs to be added via EnqueueLinksFunction.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstatus_message_logging_interval: timedelta

      Interval for logging the crawler status messages.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstatus_message_callback: Callable[[StatisticsState, StatisticsState | None, str], Awaitable[str | None]]

      Allows overriding the default status message. The default status message is provided in the parameters. Returning None suppresses the status message.

    Returns AdaptivePlaywrightCrawler[ParsedHttpCrawlingContext[BeautifulSoup], BeautifulSoup, Tag]

with_parsel_static_parser

  • with_parsel_static_parser(rendering_type_predictor, result_checker, result_comparator, playwright_crawler_specific_kwargs, statistics, *, configuration, event_manager, storage_client, request_manager, session_pool, proxy_configuration, http_client, max_request_retries, max_requests_per_crawl, max_session_rotations, max_crawl_depth, use_session_pool, retry_on_blocked, concurrency_settings, request_handler_timeout, abort_on_error, configure_logging, statistics_log_format, keep_alive, additional_http_error_status_codes, ignore_http_error_status_codes, respect_robots_txt_file, status_message_logging_interval, status_message_callback): AdaptivePlaywrightCrawler[ParsedHttpCrawlingContext[Selector], Selector, Selector]

  • Create AdaptivePlaywrightCrawler that uses Parcel for parsing static content.

    Parameters

    • optionalrendering_type_predictor: RenderingTypePredictor | None = None
    • optionalresult_checker: Callable[[RequestHandlerRunResult], bool] | None = None
    • optionalresult_comparator: Callable[[RequestHandlerRunResult, RequestHandlerRunResult], bool] | None = None
    • optionalplaywright_crawler_specific_kwargs: _PlaywrightCrawlerAdditionalOptions | None = None
    • optionalstatistics: Statistics[StatisticsState] | None = None
    • keyword-onlyoptionalconfiguration: Configuration

      The Configuration instance. Some of its properties are used as defaults for the crawler.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalevent_manager: EventManager

      The event manager for managing events for the crawler and all its components.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstorage_client: StorageClient

      The storage client for managing storages for the crawler and all its components.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalrequest_manager: RequestManager

      Manager of requests that should be processed by the crawler.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalsession_pool: SessionPool

      A custom SessionPool instance, allowing the use of non-default configuration.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalproxy_configuration: ProxyConfiguration

      HTTP proxy configuration used when making requests.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalhttp_client: HttpClient

      HTTP client used by BasicCrawlingContext.send_request method.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_request_retries: int

      Specifies the maximum number of retries allowed for a request if its processing fails. This includes retries due to navigation errors or errors thrown from user-supplied functions (request_handler, pre_navigation_hooks etc.).

      This limit does not apply to retries triggered by session rotation (see max_session_rotations).

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_requests_per_crawl: int | None

      Maximum number of pages to open during a crawl. The crawl stops upon reaching this limit. Setting this value can help avoid infinite loops in misconfigured crawlers. None means no limit. Due to concurrency settings, the actual number of pages visited may slightly exceed this value.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_session_rotations: int

      Maximum number of session rotations per request. The crawler rotates the session if a proxy error occurs or if the website blocks the request.

      The session rotations are not counted towards the max_request_retries limit.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalmax_crawl_depth: int | None

      Specifies the maximum crawl depth. If set, the crawler will stop processing links beyond this depth. The crawl depth starts at 0 for initial requests and increases with each subsequent level of links. Requests at the maximum depth will still be processed, but no new links will be enqueued from those requests. If not set, crawling continues without depth restrictions.

    • keyword-onlyoptionaluse_session_pool: bool

      Enable the use of a session pool for managing sessions during crawling.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalretry_on_blocked: bool

      If True, the crawler attempts to bypass bot protections automatically.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalconcurrency_settings: ConcurrencySettings

      Settings to fine-tune concurrency levels.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalrequest_handler_timeout: timedelta

      Maximum duration allowed for a single request handler to run.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalabort_on_error: bool

      If True, the crawler stops immediately when any request handler error occurs.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalconfigure_logging: bool

      If True, the crawler will set up logging infrastructure automatically.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstatistics_log_format: Literal[table, inline]

      If 'table', displays crawler statistics as formatted tables in logs. If 'inline', outputs statistics as plain text log messages.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalkeep_alive: bool

      Flag that can keep crawler running even when there are no requests in queue.

    • keyword-onlyoptionaladditional_http_error_status_codes: Iterable[int]

      Additional HTTP status codes to treat as errors, triggering automatic retries when encountered.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalignore_http_error_status_codes: Iterable[int]

      HTTP status codes that are typically considered errors but should be treated as successful responses.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalrespect_robots_txt_file: bool

      If set to True, the crawler will automatically try to fetch the robots.txt file for each domain, and skip those that are not allowed. This also prevents disallowed URLs to be added via EnqueueLinksFunction.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstatus_message_logging_interval: timedelta

      Interval for logging the crawler status messages.

    • keyword-onlyoptionalstatus_message_callback: Callable[[StatisticsState, StatisticsState | None, str], Awaitable[str | None]]

      Allows overriding the default status message. The default status message is provided in the parameters. Returning None suppresses the status message.

    Returns AdaptivePlaywrightCrawler[ParsedHttpCrawlingContext[Selector], Selector, Selector]

Properties

log

log: logging.Logger

The logger used by the crawler.

router

router: Router[TCrawlingContext]

The Router used to handle each individual crawling request.

statistics

statistics: Statistics[TStatisticsState]

Statistics about the current (or last) crawler run.

Page Options